2) Processed EEG learning resources
Websites / CPD
- EEG in anaesthesia topics (Professor Michael Avidan)
- DSA / EEG interpretation, Neurophysiology, Age (Prof Emery Brown and team)
- Avoiding too deep anaesthesia. ESA CPD course (Langrois D, Lampert M, Ramsay M.)
- EEG The Basics of the Electroencephalogram [YouTube] Professor Jeremy Moeller
YouTube resources
- Unconsciousness Under General Anesthetic is a Dynamic State iBiology (Professor Emery Brown)
- The Dynamics of the Brain under Anesthesia iBiology (Professor Emery Brown)
- EEG in anaesthesia – Clinical decision making (Professor Michael Avidan)
- A look at the unconscious brain under anesthesia NIH Videocast (Professor Emery Brown)
- EEG – a window into the brain ANZCA Conference (Professor Jamie Sleigh)
Podcasts
- pEEG and DSA Professor Emery Brown. ACCRAC podcast
- Burst-suppression and Postoperative Delirium Professors Oluwaseun Akeju, Jamie Sleigh and BobbieJean Sweitzer. Anaesthesiology Featured Article Podcast
- Effect of NMBD on EMG and BIS Dr Peter Schuller. BJA Podcast
- Baseline Vulnerabilities May Play a Larger Role than Depth of Anesthesia or Sedation in Postoperative Delirium Charles H. Brown, IV, M.D., M.H.S. and Pratik P. Pandharipande, M.D., M.Sc
Study-specific podcasts
- BALANCED Study – preliminary results Professor Lis Evered – TopMedTalk podcast 06/06/2019
- BALANCED Study – final results Professors Kate Leslie, Timothy Short. TopMedTalk podcast 22/10/2019
- Depth of AnaesthesiaProfessor Kate Leslie. Top MedTalk podcast 15/06/2020
- ENGAGES StudyProfessor Monty Mythen. Desree Chappell (CRNA) – TopMedTalk Journal club 7/3/2019
Especially Recommended Review Articles:
- Purdon PL, Sampson A, Pavone KJ, Brown EN. Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 2015; 123: 937–60.
- Kim MCindy, Fricchione GL, Brown EN, Johnson-Akeju O. Role of electroencephalogram oscillations and the spectrogram in monitoring anaesthesia.BJA Education 2020; doi 10.1016/j.bjae.2020.01.004.
- Hight DF, Kaiser HA, Sleigh JW, Avidan MS. An updated introduction to electroencephalogram-based brain monitoring during intended general anesthesia. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d’anesthésie 2020; 67: 1–21.
- Mulvey DA, Klepsch P. Use of Processed Electroencephalography in the Clinical Setting. Current Anesthesiology Reports 2020; 10.
Further Review Articles:
- García PS, Kreuzer M, Hight D, Sleigh JW. Effects of noxious stimulation on the electroencephalogram during general anaesthesia: a narrative review and approach to analgesic titration. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2021; 126: 445–57.
- Bennett C, Voss LJ, Barnard JPM, Sleigh JW. Practical Use of the Raw Electroencephalogram Waveform During General Anesthesia; The Art and Science.Anesthesia & Analgesia 2009; 109: 539–50.
- Brown EN, Pavone KJ, Naranjo M. Multimodal General Anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2018; 127: 1246-1258.
- Hagihira S. Changes in the electroencephalogram during anaesthesia and their physiological basis.BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015; 115: i27–31.
- Schwartz RS, Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND. General Anesthesia, Sleep, and Coma.The New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 363: 2638-2650.
- Lobo FA, Vacas S, Rossetti AO, Robba C, Taccone FS. Does Electroencephalographic Burst Suppression still play a role in the perioperative setting? Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 2020; doi 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.10.007.
- Shanker A, Abel JH, Schamberg G, Brown EN. Etiology of Burst Suppression EEG Patterns. Frontiers in Psychology 2021; 12: 673529. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673529
Paediatric EEG
- Brandt, Steven P. BA et al. Case Studies Using the Electroencephalogram to Monitor Anesthesia – Induced Brain States in Children. Anesthesia & Analgesia: October 2020 – Volume 131 – Issue 4 – p 1043-1056 doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004817
- Cornelissen L, Kim SE, Lee JM, Brown EN, Purdon PL, Berde CB. Electroencephalographic markers of brain development during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children up to 3 years old. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2018; 120: 1274–86.
3) TCI modelling
4) TIVA education tools
New TIVA guidelines:
This guideline was developed jointly by SIVA and AAGBI. The authors include Dr A F Nimmo and Prof A R Absalom (past SIVA presidents). [This version also contains supporting information not printed in the original article]